Friday, September 21, 2018

Kristiansten Festning

A Fortress from the Past

Walking through the park surrounding Kristiansten Festning.

On Sunday afternoon, the sun was out and shining in Trondheim. We took advantage of the pleasant weather to do a bit of sightseeing.  Our first stop was to Kristiansten Festning (Kristiansten Fortress).

Near the fortress entrance looking down towards the city.

Kristiansten Festning lies on a large hill in the east side of Trondheim, and was built in 1681 to protect the city center from invaders. 

Welcome to Kristiansten Fortress.

Construction for the fortress completed in 1685, and saw its first main invasion by the Swedes in 1718. After an intense battle, the Swedes were forced to retreat back to Sweden, however many perished during the occupation and retreat due to the horrendous winter conditions.

Outer wall of the fortress.

During WWII, the fortress was used by the Nazis to execute Norwegians. However, after the war the tables were turned and a number of war criminals and traitors were executed on the site.

The defensive tower and canons lined up atop the fortress.

Today the fortress mainly consists of canons positioned along the edges, a restaurant, old stable area, and defense tower. There are also a few different levels and some tunnels to explore.

On the top floor of dojonen (the defensive tower)

Dojonen, or the defensive tower, is the present-day fortress museum.  Admission is free, and inside there are different historical displays and artifacts recovered from the site.  The tower has three floors accessible to the public by ladder. On every level canons guard the windows. The top floor had a low ceiling, but I was the perfect size to walk around without needing to duck. The wooden beams on the actual floors themselves were a bit sketchy in some places, so we didn't stay up top too long before heading back downstairs.

View of Trondheim from atop the fortress.

If you want to get a good view of Trondheim, then the fortress is the place to be! It's also fairly close to the city center, and easy to walk up to, making the views more than worth it.

Different levels within the fortress.

Though there aren't too many actual buildings standing atop the fortress, there is quite a lot of space along the grounds, and also a large park surrounding the fortress down below.

Art sculpture standing near the defensive tower.

There were a lot of interesting sculptures around the grounds of the fortress. Most were different humanoid figurines, but also a few dog sculptures.

Statue of a crying girl.

Honestly, the artwork was a bit dark and somber. Most figurines were kind of cowering or had their faces hidden, making them look slightly frightening and almost demonic.

Looking east over the fortress grounds.

Besides taking in the history and vantage point, the fortress is a great space to walk around, take in some fresh air, or even enjoy a picnic. 

Photo-op with Norwegian flag and cannons.

I had a lovely time visiting Kristiansten Festning and definitely would recommend stopping by it if you visit Trondheim!

A Climate Seminar in Trondheim

Activism. Awareness. Adventure.

Last weekend I attended a climate seminar in Trondheim, sponsored by Naturvernforbundet (Friends of the Earth) Norway. The seminar was for students from Bergen, Trondheim, Oslo, and couple of other cities in Norway who are part of Naturvernstudenten (Nature & Youth). 

The building known as "Hogwarts" on NTNU campus.

Klimaseminar for studenter
Trondheim is in the north, about seven hours away from Oslo by train. A group of about twenty students arrived in Trondheim from Oslo late on Friday and spent the night in a hostel. The next morning after breakfast we headed out to the Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU) campus for the first day of the seminar.  We had a little trek across town, but it was easy to spot NTNU, because we just had to find the place that looked like "Hogwarts."

Map of the NTNU campus.

Finding the building where the seminar was being held was a little more difficult, and we ended up taking the long way around campus trying to find it. Fortunately, it was a beautiful day outside!

Audun Randen Johnson from Naturvernforbundet introducing the seminar.

Welcome to the seminar!
The climate seminar was a two-day event, with different presentations and activities aimed at educating and cultivating awareness, showing what is being done to protect the environment, and inspiring action. The first day, there were different guest lectures, a walking tour of Trondheim, and lunch & dinner. The second day, was more intimate, with a couple of presentations to see what local Nature & Youth groups are doing across Norway, discussions about how to facilitate communication and exchanges between the youth groups and the Friends of the Earth adult groups, and a trash pick-up on the NTNU campus.

Day 1 of the Climate Seminar.

From Arctic Drilling to Jellyfish & Marshes
The first day of the seminar, there were about thirty students from across Norway and several different guest speakers.  The presentations were about oil/gas and current/past lawsuits to protect against new oil exploration. Engineers without Borders, the Trondheim Kommune (city), and representatives from offshore wind and solar groups; presented about green technology and how renewable energy is the way of the future. Regenskogfondet (Rainforest Foundation Norway) discussed how climate defenders are under-threat around the globe. There was also a presentation about the importance of marshes, and the possibility of using Jellyfish slime to address micro-plastic pollution in the ocean.

Inside the building where Day 1 of the seminar was held.

English or Norwegian?
The climate seminar was supposed to be held in Norwegian with the exception of a couple of presentations in English, so they arranged a translator to help us. I felt a bit like an UN official using a headset to get the translations. However, there were about twelve international students in the meeting, so instead of having two of eight presentations in English, the numbers were actually flipped, so only two of eight were in Norwegian.
Only in Norway do the presenters see a group of foreign students and decide on the spot to speak in English instead. I think this says a lot about how Norwegians are flexible, friendly, and really care enough to accommodate us without notice.

Exploring the NTNU campus.

Impressions 
The time passed quickly because the lectures were very interesting. My favorite presentation was on the importance of marshes. Peat-land is one of the most vital carbon storage facilities, so when marshes get drained enormous amounts of the potent greenhouse gas, methane, are released. Draining marshes also leads to permanent land sinking. For example, some farmland in the UK has sunk over four meters since 1870. This has major implications because coupled with rising sea-levels from climate change, many areas are now below sea level, meaning there will be more flooding, loss of agricultural land, and other adverse problems. Two of the examples of areas where marshland has been drained are San Francisco in the U.S. and the Netherlands, which both continue sinking each year. I knew that the Netherlands was below sea level, but I didn't realize it was from the draining of marshland centuries ago, so I thought that was really interesting.

Last unit in class we talked about resource extraction and indigenous rights, so the Rainforest Foundation's presentation on climate defenders, reinforced a lot of what we learned. Climate defenders are human rights defenders, who fight for the right to organize, free speech, and to protect land rights, and the environment. Strikingly, the violence against defenders is increasing every year, with 207 reported deaths in 2017 alone. Wealthy corporations and officials often criminalize, repress, and threaten groups for prioritizing the livelihoods of indigenous groups, farmers, and ecological welfare above profits and exploitation.

One area I am particularly intrigued by is the use of plastic, especially with concern to plastic in the ocean. The project, Go Jelly, is testing how jellyfish slime can be used to filter micro-plastics in the sea. I have no idea who came up with the idea of using jellyfish slime as a bio-filter, but it could potentially be a huge solution to our pollution problems. You can learn more about the project here.

Approaching folkekjøkken (the People's Kitchen) on our walking tour.

Food & Sightseeing
For lunch at the seminar we had delicious falafel, baklava, and vegan chocolate cake. On the second day we also had delicious roasted eggplant sandwiches. The food came from Alibaba Falafel which is a business inspired by the food traditions of Syrian refugees. The idea for the food came from the People's Kitchen (folkekjøkken) in Trondheim, which every Tuesday cooks meals using ingredients from stores/restaurants that would otherwise be thrown away. Such a great idea and so much delicious food!

From the top of the hill looking down towards the bike elevator.

Say Goodbye to Biking Uphill! 
Have you ever seen a large hill and felt the horror of having to bike to the top? Fear no more, Trondheim has its own bicycle elevator!

Riders taking the bicycle elevator up the hill.

Personally, I think this bicycle elevator would be more difficult than simply riding up the hill. At the bottom you press a few buttons and align your foot at the end of a metal 'box.' A small metal block then comes out of the box and should catch under your right foot, propelling you and your bike up the hill. From my observations, it seems a bit challenging to get the metal block to stay under your foot. It's also a bit of a balancing act, and if you fall off the lift, the block immediately disappears into the ground.

Another rider using the bicycle elevator up the hill.

The bike elevator was part of a Trondheim city initiative to promote bike use over cars. Unfortunately for cyclists, this is the only bike lift in the city.

Gathering to learn about tiny homes.

An Alternative Neighborhood
On our walking tour of the city we also went and visited some tiny homes. The homes were hand-built, mobile, eco-friendly, and actually quite nice and spacious inside.

Garden near the tiny homes.

The city-tour wasn't your typical tourist trip. We got to see different places where green tech and living has been promoted in Trondheim. It was nice to get to see some of the unique locales, one normally wouldn't know about or get to see otherwise.

More tiny homes along the tour.

Climate Seminar Success
Overall, the climate seminar was a lot of fun! I got to meet a lot of like-minded students from across Norway, taste delicious food, enjoy exciting presentations, & visit a new city.

Photo of climate seminar participants during tour courtesy of Naturvernforbundet Norway.

Tusen Takk Naturvernforbundet!
Many thanks to Naturnvernforbundet Norway for an incredible weekend in Trondheim! I had such a blast and am really looking forward to getting more involved in Youth in Nature.  If you're interested in learning more about the organization, or would like to check out some of the presentations from the conference please click here. Tusen Takk (Thank you)!

Thursday, September 13, 2018

Tvergastein: Interdisciplinary Journal of the Environment

An Environmental Journal? 
In addition to my studies, I am on the board of an academic interdisciplinary journal called, Tvergastein, which is based at the University of Oslo's Centre for Environment and Development (SUM). Tvergastein is named after the location of SUM founder and inspirational figure, Arne Naess' cabin retreat.  We publish two journals each year with various articles relation to different themes. Our next edition, coming out this January, is focused on Peace & Environment.

Now Accepting Submissions!
Currently we're taking submissions for our upcoming issue on Peace & Environment.  Everyone interested is encouraged to submit a piece! We want to hear your own interpretations, experiences, or research on the topic of conflict and/or peace, & the environment.

- Submissions can be op-ed or academic style
- Deadline is October 1st, 2018

Go to www.tvergastein.com to learn more about the journal & submission requirements! 

Also, check us out at:

Poster I designed for the journal; photo from Lahti, Finland.

Please email any questions or submissions to tvergastein.journal@gmail.com. If we do publish a piece, we'll send you a copy of the journal abroad too! 

We look forward to reading your submissions!